diff --git a/core/src/board.rs b/core/src/board.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43f65ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/board.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+use crate::types::{CellState, Color, Move, MoveError, Position, MAX_BOARD_SIZE};
+
+/// 棋盘主体 — 不可变风格, place/undo 返回新 Board
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Board {
+    pub size: usize,
+    cells: [[CellState; MAX_BOARD_SIZE]; MAX_BOARD_SIZE],
+    history: Vec<Move>,
+    current_turn: u32,
+}
+
+impl Board {
+    /// 创建空棋盘
+    pub fn new(size: usize) -> Self {
+        assert!(
+            size <= MAX_BOARD_SIZE,
+            "棋盘尺寸不能超过 {}",
+            MAX_BOARD_SIZE
+        );
+        Self {
+            size,
+            cells: [[CellState::Empty; MAX_BOARD_SIZE]; MAX_BOARD_SIZE],
+            history: Vec::new(),
+            current_turn: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 获取指定位置的棋子状态
+    pub fn get(&self, pos: Position) -> CellState {
+        if pos.x >= self.size || pos.y >= self.size {
+            return CellState::Empty;
+        }
+        self.cells[pos.x][pos.y]
+    }
+
+    /// 落子 — 返回新 Board (不可变)
+    pub fn place(&self, pos: Position, color: Color) -> Result<Board, MoveError> {
+        if pos.x >= self.size || pos.y >= self.size {
+            return Err(MoveError::OutOfBounds);
+        }
+        if self.cells[pos.x][pos.y] != CellState::Empty {
+            return Err(MoveError::Occupied);
+        }
+
+        let mut new_board = self.clone();
+        new_board.cells[pos.x][pos.y] = CellState::Occupied(color);
+        new_board.history.push(Move {
+            position: pos,
+            color,
+            turn: self.current_turn,
+        });
+        new_board.current_turn = self.current_turn + 1;
+        Ok(new_board)
+    }
+
+    /// 胜负判定 — 从 pos 出发四方向扫描
+    pub fn check_win(&self, pos: Position) -> bool {
+        let cell = self.cells[pos.x][pos.y];
+        let color = match cell {
+            CellState::Occupied(c) => c,
+            _ => return false,
+        };
+
+        let directions: [(isize, isize); 4] = [(0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, -1)];
+
+        for (dx, dy) in directions {
+            let mut count = 1u32;
+            // 正方向
+            let mut nx = pos.x as isize + dx;
+            let mut ny = pos.y as isize + dy;
+            while nx >= 0 && ny >= 0 && (nx as usize) < self.size && (ny as usize) < self.size {
+                if self.cells[nx as usize][ny as usize] == CellState::Occupied(color) {
+                    count += 1;
+                    nx += dx;
+                    ny += dy;
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            // 反方向
+            let mut nx = pos.x as isize - dx;
+            let mut ny = pos.y as isize - dy;
+            while nx >= 0 && ny >= 0 && (nx as usize) < self.size && (ny as usize) < self.size {
+                if self.cells[nx as usize][ny as usize] == CellState::Occupied(color) {
+                    count += 1;
+                    nx -= dx;
+                    ny -= dy;
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if count >= 5 {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
+    /// 悔棋 — 撤销最近一步
+    pub fn undo(&self) -> Result<Board, MoveError> {
+        if self.history.is_empty() {
+            return Err(MoveError::GameOver);
+        }
+        let mut new_board = self.clone();
+        let last_move = new_board.history.pop().unwrap();
+        new_board.cells[last_move.position.x][last_move.position.y] = CellState::Empty;
+        new_board.current_turn = self.current_turn.saturating_sub(1);
+        Ok(new_board)
+    }
+
+    /// 获取所有候选落子位 (已有棋子周围2格范围)
+    pub fn get_candidate_moves(&self) -> Vec<Position> {
+        let mut candidates = Vec::new();
+        let range = 2isize;
+
+        if self.history.is_empty() {
+            // 棋盘为空, 返回天元
+            return vec![Position::new(self.size / 2, self.size / 2)];
+        }
+
+        for x in 0..self.size {
+            for y in 0..self.size {
+                if self.cells[x][y] != CellState::Empty {
+                    for dx in -range..=range {
+                        for dy in -range..=range {
+                            let nx = x as isize + dx;
+                            let ny = y as isize + dy;
+                            if nx >= 0
+                                && ny >= 0
+                                && (nx as usize) < self.size
+                                && (ny as usize) < self.size
+                                && self.cells[nx as usize][ny as usize] == CellState::Empty
+                            {
+                                candidates.push(Position::new(nx as usize, ny as usize));
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        candidates.sort();
+        candidates.dedup();
+        candidates
+    }
+
+    /// 获取落子历史 (用于棋谱)
+    pub fn history(&self) -> &[Move] {
+        &self.history
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::types::{CellState, Color, MoveError, Position};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_empty_board_creation() {
+        let board = Board::new(15);
+        assert_eq!(board.size, 15);
+        for x in 0..15 {
+            for y in 0..15 {
+                assert_eq!(board.get(Position::new(x, y)), CellState::Empty);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_place_piece() {
+        let board = Board::new(15);
+        let result = board.place(Position::new(7, 7), Color::Black);
+        assert!(result.is_ok());
+        let new_board = result.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            new_board.get(Position::new(7, 7)),
+            CellState::Occupied(Color::Black)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_place_on_occupied_fails() {
+        let board = Board::new(15);
+        let board = board.place(Position::new(7, 7), Color::Black).unwrap();
+        let result = board.place(Position::new(7, 7), Color::White);
+        assert_eq!(result, Err(MoveError::Occupied));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_place_out_of_bounds_fails() {
+        let board = Board::new(15);
+        let result = board.place(Position::new(20, 20), Color::Black);
+        assert_eq!(result, Err(MoveError::OutOfBounds));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_win_horizontal() {
+        let board = Board::new(15);
+        let mut board = board;
+        for y in 3..7 {
+            board = board.place(Position::new(7, y), Color::Black).unwrap();
+        }
+        let board = board.place(Position::new(7, 7), Color::Black).unwrap();
+        assert!(board.check_win(Position::new(7, 7)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_win_vertical() {
+        let board = Board::new(15);
+        let mut board = board;
+        for x in 3..7 {
+            board = board.place(Position::new(x, 7), Color::White).unwrap();
+        }
+        let board = board.place(Position::new(7, 7), Color::White).unwrap();
+        assert!(board.check_win(Position::new(7, 7)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_win_diagonal() {
+        let board = Board::new(15);
+        let mut board = board;
+        for i in 1..5 {
+            board = board
+                .place(Position::new(3 + i, 3 + i), Color::Black)
+                .unwrap();
+        }
+        let board = board.place(Position::new(8, 8), Color::Black).unwrap();
+        assert!(board.check_win(Position::new(8, 8)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_no_win_on_four() {
+        let board = Board::new(15);
+        let mut board = board;
+        for y in 3..6 {
+            board = board.place(Position::new(7, y), Color::Black).unwrap();
+        }
+        let board = board.place(Position::new(7, 6), Color::Black).unwrap();
+        assert!(!board.check_win(Position::new(7, 6)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_undo() {
+        let board = Board::new(15);
+        let board = board.place(Position::new(7, 7), Color::Black).unwrap();
+        let board = board.place(Position::new(7, 8), Color::White).unwrap();
+        let board = board.undo().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(board.get(Position::new(7, 8)), CellState::Empty);
+        assert_eq!(
+            board.get(Position::new(7, 7)),
+            CellState::Occupied(Color::Black)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_undo_empty_history() {
+        let board = Board::new(15);
+        assert_eq!(board.undo(), Err(MoveError::GameOver));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_immutable_place() {
+        let board = Board::new(15);
+        let _new = board.place(Position::new(7, 7), Color::Black).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(board.get(Position::new(7, 7)), CellState::Empty);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/lib.rs b/core/src/lib.rs
index a33ba81..16ce753 100644
--- a/core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/core/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 // Gobang core library — 纯游戏逻辑，零 GUI 依赖
 
+pub mod board;
 pub mod types;
diff --git a/core/src/types.rs b/core/src/types.rs
index fe0a614..0f33e98 100644
--- a/core/src/types.rs
+++ b/core/src/types.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub enum CellState {
 }
 
 /// 一步棋
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Move {
     pub position: Position,
     pub color: Color,