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284 lines
9.4 KiB
HTML
284 lines
9.4 KiB
HTML
<!-- Creator : groff version 1.22.3 -->
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="groff -Thtml, see www.gnu.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
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<meta name="Content-Style" content="text/css">
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<style type="text/css">
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p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
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pre { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
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table { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
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h1 { text-align: center }
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</style>
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<title>ICONV</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1 align="center">ICONV</h1>
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<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
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<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
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<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
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<a href="#RETURN VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a><br>
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<a href="#ERRORS">ERRORS</a><br>
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<a href="#CONFORMING TO">CONFORMING TO</a><br>
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<a href="#NOTES">NOTES</a><br>
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<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
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<hr>
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<h2>NAME
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<a name="NAME"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">iconv −
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perform character set conversion</p>
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<h2>SYNOPSIS
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<a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>#include
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<iconv.h></b></p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>size_t iconv
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(iconv_t</b> <i>cd</i><b>, <br>
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const char* *</b> <i>inbuf</i><b>, size_t *</b>
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<i>inbytesleft</i><b>, <br>
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char* *</b> <i>outbuf</i><b>, size_t *</b>
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<i>outbytesleft</i><b>);</b></p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">or (for POSIX
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compatibility)</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>size_t iconv
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(iconv_t</b> <i>cd</i><b>, <br>
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char* *</b> <i>inbuf</i><b>, size_t *</b>
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<i>inbytesleft</i><b>, <br>
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char* *</b> <i>outbuf</i><b>, size_t *</b>
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<i>outbytesleft</i><b>);</b></p>
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<h2>DESCRIPTION
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<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The argument
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<i>cd</i> must be a conversion descriptor created using the
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function <b>iconv_open</b>.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The main case
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is when <i>inbuf</i> is not NULL and <i>*inbuf</i> is not
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NULL. In this case, the <b>iconv</b> function converts the
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multibyte sequence starting at <i>*inbuf</i> to a multibyte
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sequence starting at <i>*outbuf</i>. At most
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<i>*inbytesleft</i> bytes, starting at <i>*inbuf</i>, will
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be read. At most <i>*outbytesleft</i> bytes, starting at
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<i>*outbuf</i>, will be written.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The
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<b>iconv</b> function converts one multibyte character at a
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time, and for each character conversion it increments
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<i>*inbuf</i> and decrements <i>*inbytesleft</i> by the
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number of converted input bytes, it increments
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<i>*outbuf</i> and decrements <i>*outbytesleft</i> by the
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number of converted output bytes, and it updates the
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conversion state contained in <i>cd</i>. If the character
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encoding of the input is stateful, the <b>iconv</b> function
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can also convert a sequence of input bytes to an update of
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the conversion state without producing any output bytes;
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such input is called a <i>shift sequence</i>. The conversion
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can stop for five reasons:</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">1. An invalid
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multibyte sequence is encountered in the input. In this case
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it sets <b>errno</b> to <b>EILSEQ</b> and returns
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(size_t)(−1). <i>*inbuf</i> is left pointing to the
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beginning of the invalid multibyte sequence.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">2. A multibyte
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sequence is encountered that is valid but that cannot be
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translated to the character encoding of the output. This
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condition depends on the implementation and on the
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conversion descriptor. In the GNU C library and GNU
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libiconv, if <i>cd</i> was created without the suffix
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<b>//TRANSLIT</b> or <b>//IGNORE</b> or
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<b>//NON_IDENTICAL_DISCARD</b>, the conversion is strict:
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lossy conversions produce this condition. If the suffix
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<b>//TRANSLIT</b> was specified, transliteration can avoid
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this condition in some cases. In the musl C library, this
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condition cannot occur because a conversion to <b>'*'</b> is
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used as a fallback. In the FreeBSD, NetBSD, and Solaris
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implementations of <b>iconv</b>, this condition cannot occur
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either, because a conversion to <b>'?'</b> is used as a
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fallback. When this condition is met, the <b>iconv</b>
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function sets <b>errno</b> to <b>EILSEQ</b> and returns
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(size_t)(−1). <i>*inbuf</i> is left pointing to the
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beginning of the unconvertible multibyte sequence.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">3. The input
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byte sequence has been entirely converted, i.e.
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<i>*inbytesleft</i> has gone down to 0. In this case
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<b>iconv</b> returns the number of non-reversible
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conversions performed during this call.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">4. An
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incomplete multibyte sequence is encountered in the input,
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and the input byte sequence terminates after it. In this
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case it sets <b>errno</b> to <b>EINVAL</b> and returns
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(size_t)(−1). <i>*inbuf</i> is left pointing to the
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beginning of the incomplete multibyte sequence.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">5. The output
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buffer has no more room for the next converted character. In
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this case it sets <b>errno</b> to <b>E2BIG</b> and returns
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(size_t)(−1).</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">A different
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case is when <i>inbuf</i> is NULL or <i>*inbuf</i> is NULL,
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but <i>outbuf</i> is not NULL and <i>*outbuf</i> is not
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NULL. In this case, the <b>iconv</b> function attempts to
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set <i>cd</i>’s conversion state to the initial state
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and store a corresponding shift sequence at <i>*outbuf</i>.
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At most <i>*outbytesleft</i> bytes, starting at
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<i>*outbuf</i>, will be written. If the output buffer has no
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more room for this reset sequence, it sets <b>errno</b> to
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<b>E2BIG</b> and returns (size_t)(−1). Otherwise it
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increments <i>*outbuf</i> and decrements
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<i>*outbytesleft</i> by the number of bytes written.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">A third case is
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when <i>inbuf</i> is NULL or <i>*inbuf</i> is NULL, and
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<i>outbuf</i> is NULL or <i>*outbuf</i> is NULL. In this
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case, the <b>iconv</b> function sets <i>cd</i>’s
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conversion state to the initial state.</p>
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<h2>RETURN VALUE
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<a name="RETURN VALUE"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The
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<b>iconv</b> function returns the number of characters
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converted in a non-reversible way during this call;
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reversible conversions are not counted. In case of error, it
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sets <b>errno</b> and returns (size_t)(−1).</p>
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<h2>ERRORS
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<a name="ERRORS"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The following
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errors can occur, among others:</p>
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<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
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cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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<tr valign="top" align="left">
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<td width="11%"></td>
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<td width="9%">
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<p><b>E2BIG</b></p></td>
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<td width="2%"></td>
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<td width="78%">
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<p>There is not sufficient room at <i>*outbuf</i>.</p></td></tr>
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<tr valign="top" align="left">
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<td width="11%"></td>
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<td width="9%">
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<p><b>EILSEQ</b></p></td>
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<td width="2%"></td>
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<td width="78%">
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<p>An invalid multibyte sequence has been encountered in
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the input.</p></td></tr>
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<tr valign="top" align="left">
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<td width="11%"></td>
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<td width="9%">
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<p><b>EINVAL</b></p></td>
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<td width="2%"></td>
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<td width="78%">
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<p>An incomplete multibyte sequence has been encountered in
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the input.</p></td></tr>
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</table>
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<h2>CONFORMING TO
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<a name="CONFORMING TO"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">POSIX:2024</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Note: In the
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functions <b>iconv</b>, <b>execv</b>, <b>execve</b>,
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<b>execvp</b>, POSIX uses the type <b>char **</b> in place
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of the more correct <b>const char **</b>, thus forcing
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programs which use <b>const</b> as usual to add a cast in
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the second argument of an <b>iconv</b> invocation. GNU
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libiconv uses <b>const char **</b> or <b>char **</b>,
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depending on the platform.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Packages that
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use the GNU Build System can determine which of the two
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choices the declaration of <b>iconv</b> in
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<b><iconv.h></b> actually uses. To do this, the
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package can use the Autoconf macro <b>AM_ICONV</b>,
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documented in the GNU gettext manual and also available from
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the module <b>iconv</b> in GNU gnulib, and then use the C
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preprocessor symbol <b>ICONV_CONST</b>.</p>
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<h2>NOTES
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<a name="NOTES"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">In each series
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of calls to the <b>iconv</b> function, the last should be
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one with <i>inbuf</i> or <i>*inbuf</i> equal to NULL, in
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order to complete the conversion of any partially converted
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input.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Although
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<i>inbuf</i> and <i>outbuf</i> are typed as <b>const char
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**</b> and <b>char **</b>, respectively, this does not mean
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that the objects they point can be interpreted as C strings
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or as arrays of characters: the interpretation of character
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byte sequences is handled internally by the conversion
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functions. In some encodings, a zero byte may be a valid
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part of a multibyte character.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The caller of
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the <b>iconv</b> function must ensure that the pointers
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passed to the function are suitable for accessing characters
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in the appropriate character set. For the encodings
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<b>UCS-2-INTERNAL</b>, <b>UCS-4-INTERNAL</b>, and
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<b>wchar_t</b>, this includes ensuring correct
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alignment.</p>
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<h2>SEE ALSO
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<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>iconv_open</b>(3),
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<b>iconvctl</b>(3), <b>iconv_close</b>(3)</p>
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<hr>
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</body>
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</html>
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