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187 lines
8.1 KiB
HTML
187 lines
8.1 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<!-- Created on January, 28 2026 by texi2html 1.78a -->
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<!--
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Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
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Olaf Bachmann <obachman@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
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and many others.
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Maintained by: Many creative people.
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Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html-bug@nongnu.org>
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<head>
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<title>GNU libtextstyle: 1. Introduction</title>
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<meta name="description" content="GNU libtextstyle: 1. Introduction">
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<meta name="keywords" content="GNU libtextstyle: 1. Introduction">
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<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
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<meta name="Generator" content="texi2html 1.78a">
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<style type="text/css">
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</head>
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<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
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<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
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<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[ << ]</td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_2.html#SEC4" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_toc.html#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_5.html#SEC46" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
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</tr></table>
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<hr size="2">
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<a name="Introduction"></a>
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<a name="SEC1"></a>
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<h1 class="chapter"> <a href="libtextstyle_toc.html#TOC1">1. Introduction</a> </h1>
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<p>Text is easier to read when it is accompanied with styling information,
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such as color, font attributes (weight, posture), or underlining, and
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this styling is customized appropriately for the output device.
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</p>
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<p>GNU libtextstyle provides an easy way to add styling to programs that
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produce output to a console or terminal emulator window. It does this
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in a way that allows the end user to customize the styling using the
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industry standard, namely Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
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</p>
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<a name="Style-definitions"></a>
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<a name="SEC2"></a>
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<h2 class="section"> <a href="libtextstyle_toc.html#TOC2">1.1 Style definitions</a> </h2>
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<p>Let's look at the traditional way styling is done for specific programs.
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</p>
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<p>Browsers, when they render HTML, use CSS styling.
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</p>
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<p>The older approach to user-customizable text styling is that the user
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associates patterns with escape sequences in an environment variable or a
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command-line argument. This is the approach used, for example, by the
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GNU ‘<samp>ls</samp>’ program in combination with the ‘<samp>dircolors</samp>’ program.
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The processing is distributed across several steps:
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</p><ol>
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<li>
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There is default style definition that is hard-coded in the
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‘<samp>dircolors</samp>’ program. The user can also define their own definitions
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in a file such as ‘<tt>~/.dir_colors</tt>’. This style definition contains
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explicit terminal escape sequences; thus, it can only be used with
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consoles and terminal emulators, and each style definition applies only
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to a certain class of mostly-compatible terminal emulators.
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</li><li>
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The <code>dircolors</code> program, when invoked, translates such a style
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definition to a sequence of shell statements that sets an environment
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variable <code>LS_COLORS</code>.
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</li><li>
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The shell executes these statements, and thus sets the environment
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variable <code>LS_COLORS</code>.
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</li><li>
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The program looks at the environment variable and emits the listed escape
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sequences.
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</li></ol>
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<p>In contrast, this library implements styling as follows:
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</p><ol>
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<li>
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There is a default style definition in a CSS file that is part of the
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same package as the stylable program. The user can also define their own
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definitions in a CSS file, and set an environment environment variable to
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point to it.
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</li><li>
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The program looks at the environment variable, parses the CSS file,
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translates the styling specifications to the form that is appropriate for
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the output device (escape sequences for terminal emulators, inline CSS
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and <code><span></code> elements for HTML output), and emits it.
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</li></ol>
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<p>Thus, with GNU libtextstyle, the styling has the following properties:
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</p><ul>
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<li>
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It is easier for the user to define their own styling, because the file
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format is standardized and supported by numerous syntax aware editors.
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</li><li>
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A styling file does not depend on the particular output device. An HTML
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output and a black-on-white terminal emulator can use the same styling
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file. A white-on-black (or even green-on-black) terminal emulator will
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need different styling, though.
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</li><li>
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It is simpler: There is no need for a program that converts the style
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specification from one format to another.
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</li></ul>
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<a name="Built_002din-versus-separate-styling"></a>
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<a name="SEC3"></a>
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<h2 class="section"> <a href="libtextstyle_toc.html#TOC3">1.2 Built-in versus separate styling</a> </h2>
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<p>There are generally two approaches for adding styling to text:
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</p><ul>
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<li>
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The program that generates the text adds the styling. It does so through
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interleaved statements that turn on or off specific attributes.
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</li><li>
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The styling gets added by a separate program, that postprocesses the
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output. This separate program usually uses regular expressions to
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determine which text regions to style with a certain set of text
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attributes.
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</li></ul>
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<p>The first approach produces a styling that is 100% correct, regardless of
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the complexity of the text that is being output. This is the preferred
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approach for example for JSON, XML, or programming language text.
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</p>
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<p>The second approach works well if the output has a simple, easy-to-parse
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format. It may produce wrong styling in some cases when the text format
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is more complex. This approach is often used for viewing log files.
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</p>
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<p>GNU libtextstyle supports both approaches; it includes an example program
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for each of the two approaches.
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</p>
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<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
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<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC1" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_2.html#SEC4" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_toc.html#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_5.html#SEC46" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
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</tr></table>
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<p>
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<font size="-1">
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This document was generated by <em>Bruno Haible</em> on <em>January, 28 2026</em> using <a href="https://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/"><em>texi2html 1.78a</em></a>.
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</font>
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<br>
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</p>
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</body>
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</html>
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