diff --git a/core/src/ecc/galois.rs b/core/src/ecc/galois.rs
index 0130542..9af2121 100644
--- a/core/src/ecc/galois.rs
+++ b/core/src/ecc/galois.rs
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ pub fn sub(a: u8, b: u8) -> u8 {
 }
 
 /// GF(2⁸) 乘法：a * b
+#[inline]
 pub fn mul(a: u8, b: u8) -> u8 {
     if a == 0 || b == 0 {
         return 0;
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ pub fn mul(a: u8, b: u8) -> u8 {
 }
 
 /// GF(2⁸) 除法：a / b
+#[inline]
 pub fn div(a: u8, b: u8) -> u8 {
     if a == 0 {
         return 0;
@@ -80,6 +82,7 @@ pub fn div(a: u8, b: u8) -> u8 {
 }
 
 /// GF(2⁸) 幂运算：base^exp
+#[inline]
 pub fn pow(base: u8, exp: usize) -> u8 {
     if exp == 0 {
         return 1;
@@ -154,6 +157,12 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "除以零")]
+    fn test_div_by_zero_panics() {
+        div(1, 0);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_pow() {
         // α^0 = 1