/** * @file statistical_analysis.c * @brief 统计分析功能实现文件 * @note 实现各种统计分析功能 */ #include #include #include #include #include "statistical_analysis.h" #include "config.h" #include "globals.h" #include "io_utils.h" #include "math_utils.h" #include "student_io.h" #include "student_crud.h" #include "student_search.h" #include "student_sort.h" /** * @brief 显示课程统计信息 * @details 统计并显示所有课程的详细信息,包括每门课程的人数、最高分、最低分、平均分和及格率 * 自动收集系统中所有不重复的课程名称,并为每门课程计算统计数据 * @note 显示内容包括: * - 课程名称 * - 选课人数 * - 最高分、最低分、平均分 * - 及格率(基于PASS_SCORE阈值) * @warning 如果没有学生数据或课程数据,将显示相应警告信息 */ void displayCourseStatistics() { clearScreen(); printHeader("课程统计信息"); if (studentCount == 0) { printWarning("暂无学生数据!"); pauseSystem(); return; } // 收集所有课程名称 char courses[MAX_STUDENTS * MAX_COURSES][MAX_COURSE_NAME_LENGTH]; int courseCount = 0; for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < students[i].courseCount; j++) { bool exists = false; for (int k = 0; k < courseCount; k++) { if (strcmp(courses[k], students[i].courses[j]) == 0) { exists = true; break; } } if (!exists) { strcpy(courses[courseCount], students[i].courses[j]); courseCount++; } } } if (courseCount == 0) { printWarning("暂无课程数据!"); pauseSystem(); return; } printf("\n"); printf("%-14s %-8s %-11s %-11s %-11s %-11s\n", "课程名称", "人数", "最高分", "最低分", "平均分", "及格率"); printf("========================================\n"); for (int i = 0; i < courseCount; i++) { CourseStats stats = calculateCourseStats(courses[i]); printf("%-12s %-6d %-8.2f %-8.2f %-8.2f %-7.2f%%\n", courses[i], stats.studentCount, stats.maxScore, stats.minScore, stats.averageScore, stats.passRate); } pauseSystem(); } /** * @brief 计算课程统计信息 * @details 计算指定课程的详细统计数据,包括选课人数、分数统计和及格率 * @param courseName 要统计的课程名称 * @return CourseStats 包含课程统计信息的结构体 * @note 统计内容包括: * - studentCount: 选课学生数量 * - maxScore, minScore: 最高分和最低分 * - totalScore, averageScore: 总分和平均分 * - passRate: 及格率(百分比) * @warning 如果课程不存在,返回全零的统计结构体 */ CourseStats calculateCourseStats(const char *courseName) { CourseStats stats = {0}; float scores[MAX_STUDENTS]; int count = 0; // 收集该课程的所有分数 for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < students[i].courseCount; j++) { if (strcmp(students[i].courses[j], courseName) == 0) { scores[count] = students[i].scores[j]; count++; break; } } } if (count == 0) return stats; stats.studentCount = count; stats.maxScore = scores[0]; stats.minScore = scores[0]; stats.totalScore = 0; int passCount = 0; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { if (scores[i] > stats.maxScore) stats.maxScore = scores[i]; if (scores[i] < stats.minScore) stats.minScore = scores[i]; stats.totalScore += scores[i]; if (scores[i] >= PASS_SCORE) passCount++; } stats.averageScore = stats.totalScore / count; stats.passRate = (float)passCount / count * 100; return stats; } /** * @brief 显示分数分布 * @details 统计并显示学生平均分的分布情况,按分数段进行分类统计 * 显示各分数段的人数和百分比,以及总体及格情况 * @note 分数段划分: * - 90-100分:优秀 * - 80-89分:良好 * - 70-79分:中等 * - 60-69分:及格 * - 0-59分:不及格 * @warning 如果没有学生数据,将显示警告信息 */ void displayScoreDistribution() { clearScreen(); printHeader("分数分布统计"); if (studentCount == 0) { printWarning("暂无学生数据!"); pauseSystem(); return; } ScoreDistribution dist = calculateScoreDistribution(); printf("\n分数段分布:\n"); printSeparator(); printf("90-100分: %d人 (%.2f%%)\n", dist.excellent, (float)dist.excellent / studentCount * 100); printf("80-89分: %d人 (%.2f%%)\n", dist.good, (float)dist.good / studentCount * 100); printf("70-79分: %d人 (%.2f%%)\n", dist.medium, (float)dist.medium / studentCount * 100); printf("60-69分: %d人 (%.2f%%)\n", dist.pass, (float)dist.pass / studentCount * 100); printf("0-59分: %d人 (%.2f%%)\n", dist.fail, (float)dist.fail / studentCount * 100); printf("\n总体统计:\n"); printf("总人数: %d\n", studentCount); printf("及格人数: %d (%.2f%%)\n", studentCount - dist.fail, (float)(studentCount - dist.fail) / studentCount * 100); printf("不及格人数: %d (%.2f%%)\n", dist.fail, (float)dist.fail / studentCount * 100); pauseSystem(); } /** * @brief 计算分数分布 * @details 根据学生的平均分计算各分数段的人数分布 * @return ScoreDistribution 包含各分数段人数的结构体 * @note 分数段定义: * - excellent: 90-100分 * - good: 80-89分 * - medium: 70-79分 * - pass: 60-69分 * - fail: 0-59分 */ ScoreDistribution calculateScoreDistribution() { ScoreDistribution dist = {0}; for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) { float avgScore = students[i].averageScore; if (avgScore >= 90) { dist.excellent++; } else if (avgScore >= 80) { dist.good++; } else if (avgScore >= 70) { dist.medium++; } else if (avgScore >= 60) { dist.pass++; } else { dist.fail++; } } return dist; } /** * @brief 显示学生排名 * @details 按学生平均分进行降序排序,显示学生排名列表 * 包括排名、学号、姓名、总分和平均分信息 * @note 排序规则:按平均分从高到低排序 * @note 显示格式:排名 | 学号 | 姓名 | 总分 | 平均分 * @warning 如果没有学生数据,将显示警告信息 */ void displayStudentRanking() { clearScreen(); printHeader("学生排名"); if (studentCount == 0) { printWarning("暂无学生数据!"); pauseSystem(); return; } // 创建排名数组 StudentRank rankings[MAX_STUDENTS]; for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) { rankings[i].studentIndex = i; rankings[i].averageScore = students[i].averageScore; rankings[i].totalScore = students[i].totalScore; } // 按平均分排序(降序) for (int i = 0; i < studentCount - 1; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < studentCount - 1 - i; j++) { if (rankings[j].averageScore < rankings[j + 1].averageScore) { StudentRank temp = rankings[j]; rankings[j] = rankings[j + 1]; rankings[j + 1] = temp; } } } printf("\n"); // 调整中文表头的对齐格式,考虑中文字符的显示宽度 printf("%-7s %-12s %-12s %-10s %-8s\n", "排名", "学号", "姓名", "总分", "平均分"); printf("==========================================\n"); for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) { int idx = rankings[i].studentIndex; printf("%-5d %-10s %-12s %-8.2f %-8.2f\n", i + 1, students[idx].studentID, students[idx].name, students[idx].totalScore, students[idx].averageScore); } pauseSystem(); } /** * @brief 显示系统总体统计 * @details 显示系统的综合统计信息,包括学生信息统计、成绩统计和课程统计 * 提供系统整体数据的全面概览 * @note 统计内容包括: * - 学生信息:总数、性别分布、平均年龄 * - 成绩统计:最高/最低/平均分、标准差 * - 课程统计:总课程数、平均课程数 * @warning 如果没有学生数据,将显示警告信息 */ void displayOverallStatistics() { clearScreen(); printHeader("系统总体统计"); if (studentCount == 0) { printWarning("暂无学生数据!"); pauseSystem(); return; } OverallStats stats = calculateOverallStats(); printf("\n学生信息统计:\n"); printSeparator(); printf("总学生数: %d\n", stats.totalStudents); printf("男学生数: %d (%.2f%%)\n", stats.maleCount, (float)stats.maleCount / stats.totalStudents * 100); printf("女学生数: %d (%.2f%%)\n", stats.femaleCount, (float)stats.femaleCount / stats.totalStudents * 100); printf("平均年龄: %.1f岁\n", stats.averageAge); printf("\n成绩统计:\n"); printSeparator(); printf("最高平均分: %.2f\n", stats.highestAverage); printf("最低平均分: %.2f\n", stats.lowestAverage); printf("全体平均分: %.2f\n", stats.overallAverageScore); printf("标准差: %.2f\n", stats.standardDeviation); printf("\n课程统计:\n"); printSeparator(); printf("总课程数: %d\n", stats.totalCourses); printf("平均课程数/人: %.1f\n", stats.averageCoursesPerStudent); pauseSystem(); } /** * @brief 计算系统总体统计 * @details 计算系统的综合统计数据,包括学生、成绩和课程的各项统计指标 * @return OverallStats 包含系统总体统计信息的结构体 * @note 计算内容包括: * - 学生统计:总数、性别分布、平均年龄 * - 成绩统计:最高/最低/平均分、标准差 * - 课程统计:总课程数、人均课程数 * @note 标准差计算使用总体标准差公式 */ OverallStats calculateOverallStats() { OverallStats stats = {0}; if (studentCount == 0) return stats; stats.totalStudents = studentCount; float totalAge = 0; float totalAverage = 0; int totalCourseCount = 0; // 收集所有课程名称 char courses[MAX_STUDENTS * MAX_COURSES][MAX_COURSE_NAME_LENGTH]; int uniqueCourseCount = 0; stats.highestAverage = students[0].averageScore; stats.lowestAverage = students[0].averageScore; for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) { // 性别统计 if (students[i].gender == GENDER_MALE) { stats.maleCount++; } else if (students[i].gender == GENDER_FEMALE) { stats.femaleCount++; } // 年龄统计 totalAge += students[i].age; // 成绩统计 totalAverage += students[i].averageScore; totalCourseCount += students[i].courseCount; if (students[i].averageScore > stats.highestAverage) { stats.highestAverage = students[i].averageScore; } if (students[i].averageScore < stats.lowestAverage) { stats.lowestAverage = students[i].averageScore; } // 课程统计 for (int j = 0; j < students[i].courseCount; j++) { bool exists = false; for (int k = 0; k < uniqueCourseCount; k++) { if (strcmp(courses[k], students[i].courses[j]) == 0) { exists = true; break; } } if (!exists) { strcpy(courses[uniqueCourseCount], students[i].courses[j]); uniqueCourseCount++; } } } stats.averageAge = totalAge / studentCount; stats.overallAverageScore = totalAverage / studentCount; stats.totalCourses = uniqueCourseCount; stats.averageCoursesPerStudent = (float)totalCourseCount / studentCount; // 计算标准差 float variance = 0; for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) { float diff = students[i].averageScore - stats.overallAverageScore; variance += diff * diff; } variance /= studentCount; stats.standardDeviation = sqrt(variance); return stats; } /** * @brief 查找最高分学生 * @details 查找并显示平均分最高的学生信息 * 遍历所有学生,找出平均分最高者并显示其详细信息 * @note 比较依据:学生的平均分(averageScore) * @warning 如果没有学生数据,将显示警告信息 */ void findTopStudent() { clearScreen(); printHeader("最高分学生"); if (studentCount == 0) { printWarning("暂无学生数据!"); pauseSystem(); return; } int topIndex = 0; for (int i = 1; i < studentCount; i++) { if (students[i].averageScore > students[topIndex].averageScore) { topIndex = i; } } printf("\n最高平均分学生:\n"); displayStudentInfo(&students[topIndex]); pauseSystem(); } /** * @brief 查找最低分学生 * @details 查找并显示平均分最低的学生信息 * 遍历所有学生,找出平均分最低者并显示其详细信息 * @note 比较依据:学生的平均分(averageScore) * @warning 如果没有学生数据,将显示警告信息 */ void findBottomStudent() { clearScreen(); printHeader("最低分学生"); if (studentCount == 0) { printWarning("暂无学生数据!"); pauseSystem(); return; } int bottomIndex = 0; for (int i = 1; i < studentCount; i++) { if (students[i].averageScore < students[bottomIndex].averageScore) { bottomIndex = i; } } printf("\n最低平均分学生:\n"); displayStudentInfo(&students[bottomIndex]); pauseSystem(); } /** * @brief 按课程查找最高分 * @details 在指定课程中查找并显示最高分学生的信息 * 用户输入课程名称,系统查找该课程的最高分获得者 * @note 查找过程: * 1. 用户输入课程名称 * 2. 遍历所有学生的该课程成绩 * 3. 找出最高分及对应学生 * 4. 显示学生信息和分数 * @warning 如果课程不存在,将显示错误信息 */ void findTopScoreInCourse() { clearScreen(); printHeader("课程最高分查询"); if (studentCount == 0) { printWarning("暂无学生数据!"); pauseSystem(); return; } char courseName[MAX_COURSE_NAME_LENGTH]; printf("\n"); safeInputString("请输入课程名称", courseName, MAX_COURSE_NAME_LENGTH); float maxScore = -1; int maxIndex = -1; for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < students[i].courseCount; j++) { if (strcmp(students[i].courses[j], courseName) == 0) { if (students[i].scores[j] > maxScore) { maxScore = students[i].scores[j]; maxIndex = i; } } } } if (maxIndex == -1) { printError("未找到该课程!"); } else { printf("\n课程 \"%s\" 最高分:\n", courseName); printSeparator(); printf("学号: %s\n", students[maxIndex].studentID); printf("姓名: %s\n", students[maxIndex].name); printf("分数: %.2f\n", maxScore); } pauseSystem(); } /** * @brief 计算学生统计信息 * @details 计算指定学生的总分和平均分 * 根据学生的所有课程成绩计算统计数据 * @param student 指向要计算统计信息的学生结构体的指针 * @note 计算内容: * - totalScore: 所有课程成绩的总和 * - averageScore: 平均成绩(总分/课程数) * @note 如果学生没有课程,总分和平均分都设为0 * @warning 传入的student指针不能为NULL */ void calculateStudentStats(Student *student) { if (student->courseCount == 0) { student->totalScore = 0; student->averageScore = 0; return; } student->totalScore = 0; for (int i = 0; i < student->courseCount; i++) { student->totalScore += student->scores[i]; } student->averageScore = student->totalScore / student->courseCount; } /** * @brief 更新全局统计缓存 * @details 更新系统的全局统计缓存变量,包括全体平均分、最高分和最低分 * 当学生数据发生变化时调用此函数更新缓存 * @note 更新的全局变量: * - overallAverageScore: 全体学生平均分 * - highestScore: 最高平均分 * - lowestScore: 最低平均分 * - statsNeedUpdate: 统计更新标志(设为false) * @note 如果没有学生数据,所有统计值都设为0 * @see overallAverageScore, highestScore, lowestScore, statsNeedUpdate */ void updateGlobalStats() { if (studentCount == 0) { overallAverageScore = 0; highestScore = 0; lowestScore = 0; statsNeedUpdate = false; return; } float total = 0; highestScore = students[0].averageScore; lowestScore = students[0].averageScore; for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) { total += students[i].averageScore; if (students[i].averageScore > highestScore) { highestScore = students[i].averageScore; } if (students[i].averageScore < lowestScore) { lowestScore = students[i].averageScore; } } overallAverageScore = total / studentCount; statsNeedUpdate = false; }