feat: 初始化老年群体高温预警项目基础工程

搭建完整的项目目录结构，配置项目依赖与元信息，添加数据下载、预处理、模型训练、可视化相关的核心业务代码，补充项目设计文档与.gitignore配置，导入初始外部参考数据文件。
2026-05-26 20:05:10 +08:00
commit a0478b0b11
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+"""从 Copernicus CDS 下载 ERA5-Land 再分析数据"""
+import logging
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import cdsapi
+
+from src.utils.config import (
+    CITIES,
+    DATA_RAW,
+    ERA5_END_YEAR,
+    ERA5_START_YEAR,
+    ERA5_VARIABLES,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def build_request(city: str, year: int, month: int) -> dict:
+    """构建 CDS API 请求参数，提取城市周围 0.5 度区域
+
+    Args:
+        city: 城市键名（"jiaozuo" 或 "zhengzhou"）
+        year: 年份
+        month: 月份（1-12），0 表示全年所有月份
+
+    Returns:
+        CDS API 请求参数字典
+    """
+    lat = CITIES[city]["lat"]
+    lon = CITIES[city]["lon"]
+    return {
+        "product_type": ["reanalysis"],
+        "format": "netcdf",
+        "variable": ERA5_VARIABLES,
+        "year": [str(year)],
+        "month": [f"{m:02d}" for m in (range(1, 13) if month == 0 else [month])],
+        "day": [f"{d:02d}" for d in range(1, 32)],
+        "time": [f"{h:02d}:00" for h in range(24)],
+        "area": [lat + 0.5, lon - 0.5, lat - 0.5, lon + 0.5],  # [N, W, S, E]
+    }
+
+
+def download_era5_city(
+    city: str,
+    start_year: int = ERA5_START_YEAR,
+    end_year: int = ERA5_END_YEAR,
+    max_retries: int = 3,
+    retry_delay: int = 30,
+) -> None:
+    """逐月下载指定城市的 ERA5-Land 数据，避免单次请求过大超时
+
+    Args:
+        city: 城市键名
+        start_year: 起始年份
+        end_year: 结束年份
+        max_retries: 失败重试次数
+        retry_delay: 重试等待秒数
+    """
+    client = cdsapi.Client()
+    out_dir = Path(DATA_RAW) / "era5" / city
+    out_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    for year in range(start_year, end_year + 1):
+        for month in range(1, 13):
+            out_path = out_dir / f"era5_{city}_{year}_{month:02d}.nc"
+            if out_path.exists():
+                logger.info("跳过已存在: %s", out_path)
+                continue
+
+            request = build_request(city, year, month)
+            for attempt in range(1, max_retries + 1):
+                try:
+                    logger.info(
+                        "正在下载 %s %d-%02d (第 %d/%d 次尝试)...",
+                        city, year, month, attempt, max_retries,
+                    )
+                    client.retrieve(
+                        "reanalysis-era5-land",
+                        request,
+                        str(out_path),
+                    )
+                    logger.info("下载完成: %s", out_path)
+                    break
+                except Exception:
+                    logger.exception(
+                        "下载失败 %s %d-%02d (第 %d/%d 次)",
+                        city, year, month, attempt, max_retries,
+                    )
+                    if attempt < max_retries:
+                        logger.info("等待 %d 秒后重试...", retry_delay)
+                        time.sleep(retry_delay)
+                    else:
+                        logger.error(
+                            "下载彻底失败 %s %d-%02d，已达最大重试次数",
+                            city, year, month,
+                        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level=logging.INFO,
+        format="%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(message)s",
+    )
+    for city_name in CITIES:
+        download_era5_city(city_name)