feat: L Language v0.1 编译器完整实现

5 阶段编译流水线: 词法分析 → 语法分析(Pratt) → 语义分析(类型推断) → LLVM IR → .exe

模块:
- lexer: 手写状态机, 40 种 Token, // 和 /* */ 注释
- parser: Pratt 表达式解析(9 级优先级) + 递归下降语句/函数
- ast: 14 种节点类型 + 工厂函数
- sema: 作用域链符号表 + 类型推断 + 类型检查
- codegen: AST → LLVM-C API, print_i64/f64/bool 内建
- driver: 命令行 + 流水线串联 + 错误报告
- util: Arena bump allocator (8MB)

测试: 65 单元测试(词法41+语法15+语义9) + 5 集成测试 全部通过

语言特性: i64/f64/bool/void, let不可变变量, if/else, while, 递归函数

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
+project(l_lang C)
+
+set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 17)
+set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+
+# === LLVM 配置 ===
+set(LLVM_PREFIX "D:/settings/Language/LLVM" CACHE PATH "LLVM installation prefix")
+
+# 查找 LLVM（优先使用 CONFIG 模式，失败则手动配置）
+find_package(LLVM 19 QUIET CONFIG
+    HINTS ${LLVM_PREFIX}/lib/cmake/llvm
+          ${LLVM_PREFIX}/cmake
+)
+
+if(NOT LLVM_FOUND)
+    message(STATUS "LLVM CONFIG not found — using manual LLVM paths")
+    set(LLVM_FOUND TRUE)
+    set(LLVM_INCLUDE_DIRS "${LLVM_PREFIX}/include")
+    set(LLVM_LIBRARY_DIR "${LLVM_PREFIX}/lib")
+    set(LLVM_LIBRARIES "${LLVM_PREFIX}/lib/LLVM-C.lib")
+    # 标记使用手动模式
+    set(LLVM_MANUAL_MODE ON)
+else()
+    message(STATUS "LLVM found: ${LLVM_DIR}")
+    message(STATUS "LLVM includes: ${LLVM_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
+    message(STATUS "LLVM available libs: ${LLVM_AVAILABLE_LIBS}")
+    set(LLVM_MANUAL_MODE OFF)
+endif()
+
+# === 编译器库（不含 main.c，供测试复用）===
+file(GLOB_RECURSE L_LANG_LIB_SOURCES "src/*.c")
+list(REMOVE_ITEM L_LANG_LIB_SOURCES "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/driver/main.c")
+
+add_library(l_lang_lib STATIC ${L_LANG_LIB_SOURCES})
+target_include_directories(l_lang_lib PRIVATE
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+    ${LLVM_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    src/util src/lexer src/ast src/parser src/sema src/codegen src/driver
+)
+target_compile_options(l_lang_lib PRIVATE -Wall -Wextra -g)
+
+# === 编译器可执行文件 ===
+add_executable(l_lang src/driver/main.c)
+target_link_libraries(l_lang PRIVATE l_lang_lib)
+target_include_directories(l_lang PRIVATE
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+    ${LLVM_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    src/util src/lexer src/ast src/parser src/sema src/codegen src/driver
+)
+
+# === 链接 LLVM（通过库）===
+if(LLVM_MANUAL_MODE)
+    target_link_libraries(l_lang_lib PUBLIC ${LLVM_LIBRARIES})
+    message(STATUS "Linking LLVM manually: ${LLVM_LIBRARIES}")
+else()
+    target_link_libraries(l_lang_lib PUBLIC LLVM)
+endif()
+
+# === LLVM 定义 ===
+if(NOT LLVM_MANUAL_MODE)
+    target_compile_definitions(l_lang_lib PRIVATE ${LLVM_DEFINITIONS})
+endif()
+
+# === 测试可执行文件（每个测试文件独立编译，各有自己的 main）===
+# Parser 测试
+add_executable(l_lang_test test/test_parser.c)
+target_link_libraries(l_lang_test PRIVATE l_lang_lib)
+target_include_directories(l_lang_test PRIVATE
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+    ${LLVM_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    src/util src/lexer src/ast src/parser src/sema src/codegen src/driver
+    test
+)
+
+# Lexer 测试
+add_executable(l_lang_lexer_test test/test_lexer.c)
+target_link_libraries(l_lang_lexer_test PRIVATE l_lang_lib)
+target_include_directories(l_lang_lexer_test PRIVATE
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+    ${LLVM_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    src/util src/lexer src/ast src/parser src/sema src/codegen src/driver
+    test
+)
+
+# Sema 测试
+add_executable(l_lang_sema_test test/test_sema.c)
+target_link_libraries(l_lang_sema_test PRIVATE l_lang_lib)
+target_include_directories(l_lang_sema_test PRIVATE
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+    ${LLVM_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    src/util src/lexer src/ast src/parser src/sema src/codegen src/driver
+    test
+)