654 lines
19 KiB
C
654 lines
19 KiB
C
/**
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* @file statistical_analysis.c
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* @brief 统计分析功能实现文件
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* @note 实现各种统计分析功能
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*/
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#include <math.h>
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#include "statistical_analysis.h"
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#include "config.h"
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#include "globals.h"
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#include "io_utils.h"
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#include "math_utils.h"
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#include "student_io.h"
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#include "student_crud.h"
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#include "student_search.h"
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#include "student_sort.h"
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/**
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* @brief 显示课程统计信息
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* @details 统计并显示所有课程的详细信息，包括每门课程的人数、最高分、最低分、平均分和及格率
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* 自动收集系统中所有不重复的课程名称，并为每门课程计算统计数据
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* @note 显示内容包括：
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* - 课程名称
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* - 选课人数
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* - 最高分、最低分、平均分
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* - 及格率（基于PASS_SCORE阈值）
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* @warning 如果没有学生数据或课程数据，将显示相应警告信息
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*/
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void displayCourseStatistics()
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{
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clearScreen();
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printHeader("课程统计信息");
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if (studentCount == 0)
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{
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printWarning("暂无学生数据！");
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pauseSystem();
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return;
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}
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// 收集所有课程名称
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char courses[MAX_STUDENTS * MAX_COURSES][MAX_COURSE_NAME_LENGTH];
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int courseCount = 0;
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for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++)
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{
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for (int j = 0; j < students[i].courseCount; j++)
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{
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bool exists = false;
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for (int k = 0; k < courseCount; k++)
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{
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if (strcmp(courses[k], students[i].courses[j]) == 0)
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{
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exists = true;
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break;
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}
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}
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if (!exists)
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{
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strcpy(courses[courseCount], students[i].courses[j]);
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courseCount++;
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}
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}
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}
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if (courseCount == 0)
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{
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printWarning("暂无课程数据！");
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pauseSystem();
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return;
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}
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printf("\n");
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printf("%-14s %-8s %-11s %-11s %-11s %-11s\n",
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"课程名称", "人数", "最高分", "最低分", "平均分", "及格率");
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printf("========================================\n");
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for (int i = 0; i < courseCount; i++)
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{
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CourseStats stats = calculateCourseStats(courses[i]);
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printf("%-12s %-6d %-8.2f %-8.2f %-8.2f %-7.2f%%\n",
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courses[i], stats.studentCount, stats.maxScore,
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stats.minScore, stats.averageScore, stats.passRate);
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}
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pauseSystem();
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}
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/**
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* @brief 计算课程统计信息
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* @details 计算指定课程的详细统计数据，包括选课人数、分数统计和及格率
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* @param courseName 要统计的课程名称
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* @return CourseStats 包含课程统计信息的结构体
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* @note 统计内容包括：
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* - studentCount: 选课学生数量
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* - maxScore, minScore: 最高分和最低分
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* - totalScore, averageScore: 总分和平均分
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* - passRate: 及格率（百分比）
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* @warning 如果课程不存在，返回全零的统计结构体
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*/
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CourseStats calculateCourseStats(const char *courseName)
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{
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CourseStats stats = {0};
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float scores[MAX_STUDENTS];
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int count = 0;
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// 收集该课程的所有分数
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for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++)
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{
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for (int j = 0; j < students[i].courseCount; j++)
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{
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if (strcmp(students[i].courses[j], courseName) == 0)
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{
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scores[count] = students[i].scores[j];
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count++;
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break;
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}
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}
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}
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if (count == 0)
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return stats;
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stats.studentCount = count;
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stats.maxScore = scores[0];
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stats.minScore = scores[0];
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stats.totalScore = 0;
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int passCount = 0;
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for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
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{
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if (scores[i] > stats.maxScore)
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stats.maxScore = scores[i];
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if (scores[i] < stats.minScore)
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stats.minScore = scores[i];
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stats.totalScore += scores[i];
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if (scores[i] >= PASS_SCORE)
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passCount++;
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}
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stats.averageScore = stats.totalScore / count;
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stats.passRate = (float)passCount / count * 100;
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return stats;
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}
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/**
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* @brief 显示分数分布
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* @details 统计并显示学生平均分的分布情况，按分数段进行分类统计
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* 显示各分数段的人数和百分比，以及总体及格情况
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* @note 分数段划分：
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* - 90-100分：优秀
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* - 80-89分：良好
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* - 70-79分：中等
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* - 60-69分：及格
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* - 0-59分：不及格
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* @warning 如果没有学生数据，将显示警告信息
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*/
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void displayScoreDistribution()
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{
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clearScreen();
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printHeader("分数分布统计");
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if (studentCount == 0)
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{
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printWarning("暂无学生数据！");
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pauseSystem();
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return;
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}
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ScoreDistribution dist = calculateScoreDistribution();
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printf("\n分数段分布：\n");
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printSeparator();
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printf("90-100分: %d人 (%.2f%%)\n", dist.excellent,
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(float)dist.excellent / studentCount * 100);
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printf("80-89分: %d人 (%.2f%%)\n", dist.good,
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(float)dist.good / studentCount * 100);
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printf("70-79分: %d人 (%.2f%%)\n", dist.medium,
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(float)dist.medium / studentCount * 100);
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printf("60-69分: %d人 (%.2f%%)\n", dist.pass,
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(float)dist.pass / studentCount * 100);
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printf("0-59分: %d人 (%.2f%%)\n", dist.fail,
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(float)dist.fail / studentCount * 100);
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printf("\n总体统计：\n");
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printf("总人数: %d\n", studentCount);
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printf("及格人数: %d (%.2f%%)\n",
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studentCount - dist.fail,
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(float)(studentCount - dist.fail) / studentCount * 100);
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printf("不及格人数: %d (%.2f%%)\n",
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dist.fail, (float)dist.fail / studentCount * 100);
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pauseSystem();
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}
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/**
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* @brief 计算分数分布
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* @details 根据学生的平均分计算各分数段的人数分布
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* @return ScoreDistribution 包含各分数段人数的结构体
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* @note 分数段定义：
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* - excellent: 90-100分
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* - good: 80-89分
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* - medium: 70-79分
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* - pass: 60-69分
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* - fail: 0-59分
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*/
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ScoreDistribution calculateScoreDistribution()
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{
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ScoreDistribution dist = {0};
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for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++)
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{
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float avgScore = students[i].averageScore;
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if (avgScore >= 90)
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{
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dist.excellent++;
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}
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else if (avgScore >= 80)
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{
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dist.good++;
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}
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else if (avgScore >= 70)
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{
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dist.medium++;
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}
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else if (avgScore >= 60)
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{
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dist.pass++;
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}
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else
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{
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dist.fail++;
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}
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}
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return dist;
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}
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/**
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* @brief 显示学生排名
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* @details 按学生平均分进行降序排序，显示学生排名列表
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* 包括排名、学号、姓名、总分和平均分信息
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* @note 排序规则：按平均分从高到低排序
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* @note 显示格式：排名 | 学号 | 姓名 | 总分 | 平均分
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* @warning 如果没有学生数据，将显示警告信息
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*/
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void displayStudentRanking()
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{
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clearScreen();
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printHeader("学生排名");
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if (studentCount == 0)
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{
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printWarning("暂无学生数据！");
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pauseSystem();
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return;
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}
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// 创建排名数组
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StudentRank rankings[MAX_STUDENTS];
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for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++)
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{
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rankings[i].studentIndex = i;
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rankings[i].averageScore = students[i].averageScore;
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rankings[i].totalScore = students[i].totalScore;
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}
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// 按平均分排序（降序）
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for (int i = 0; i < studentCount - 1; i++)
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{
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for (int j = 0; j < studentCount - 1 - i; j++)
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{
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if (rankings[j].averageScore < rankings[j + 1].averageScore)
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{
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StudentRank temp = rankings[j];
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rankings[j] = rankings[j + 1];
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rankings[j + 1] = temp;
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}
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}
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}
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printf("\n");
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// 调整中文表头的对齐格式，考虑中文字符的显示宽度
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printf("%-7s %-12s %-12s %-10s %-8s\n",
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"排名", "学号", "姓名", "总分", "平均分");
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printf("==========================================\n");
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for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++)
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{
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int idx = rankings[i].studentIndex;
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printf("%-5d %-10s %-12s %-8.2f %-8.2f\n",
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i + 1,
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students[idx].studentID,
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students[idx].name,
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students[idx].totalScore,
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students[idx].averageScore);
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}
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pauseSystem();
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}
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/**
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* @brief 显示系统总体统计
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* @details 显示系统的综合统计信息，包括学生信息统计、成绩统计和课程统计
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* 提供系统整体数据的全面概览
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* @note 统计内容包括：
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* - 学生信息：总数、性别分布、平均年龄
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* - 成绩统计：最高/最低/平均分、标准差
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* - 课程统计：总课程数、平均课程数
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* @warning 如果没有学生数据，将显示警告信息
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*/
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void displayOverallStatistics()
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{
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clearScreen();
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printHeader("系统总体统计");
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if (studentCount == 0)
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{
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printWarning("暂无学生数据！");
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pauseSystem();
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return;
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}
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OverallStats stats = calculateOverallStats();
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printf("\n学生信息统计：\n");
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printSeparator();
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printf("总学生数: %d\n", stats.totalStudents);
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printf("男学生数: %d (%.2f%%)\n", stats.maleCount,
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(float)stats.maleCount / stats.totalStudents * 100);
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printf("女学生数: %d (%.2f%%)\n", stats.femaleCount,
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(float)stats.femaleCount / stats.totalStudents * 100);
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printf("平均年龄: %.1f岁\n", stats.averageAge);
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printf("\n成绩统计：\n");
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printSeparator();
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printf("最高平均分: %.2f\n", stats.highestAverage);
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printf("最低平均分: %.2f\n", stats.lowestAverage);
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printf("全体平均分: %.2f\n", stats.overallAverageScore);
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printf("标准差: %.2f\n", stats.standardDeviation);
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printf("\n课程统计：\n");
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printSeparator();
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printf("总课程数: %d\n", stats.totalCourses);
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printf("平均课程数/人: %.1f\n", stats.averageCoursesPerStudent);
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pauseSystem();
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}
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/**
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* @brief 计算系统总体统计
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* @details 计算系统的综合统计数据，包括学生、成绩和课程的各项统计指标
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* @return OverallStats 包含系统总体统计信息的结构体
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* @note 计算内容包括：
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* - 学生统计：总数、性别分布、平均年龄
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* - 成绩统计：最高/最低/平均分、标准差
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* - 课程统计：总课程数、人均课程数
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* @note 标准差计算使用总体标准差公式
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*/
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OverallStats calculateOverallStats()
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{
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OverallStats stats = {0};
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if (studentCount == 0)
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return stats;
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stats.totalStudents = studentCount;
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float totalAge = 0;
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float totalAverage = 0;
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int totalCourseCount = 0;
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// 收集所有课程名称
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char courses[MAX_STUDENTS * MAX_COURSES][MAX_COURSE_NAME_LENGTH];
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int uniqueCourseCount = 0;
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stats.highestAverage = students[0].averageScore;
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stats.lowestAverage = students[0].averageScore;
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for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++)
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{
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// 性别统计
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if (students[i].gender == GENDER_MALE)
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{
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stats.maleCount++;
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}
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else if (students[i].gender == GENDER_FEMALE)
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{
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stats.femaleCount++;
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}
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// 年龄统计
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totalAge += students[i].age;
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// 成绩统计
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totalAverage += students[i].averageScore;
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totalCourseCount += students[i].courseCount;
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if (students[i].averageScore > stats.highestAverage)
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{
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stats.highestAverage = students[i].averageScore;
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}
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if (students[i].averageScore < stats.lowestAverage)
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{
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stats.lowestAverage = students[i].averageScore;
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}
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// 课程统计
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for (int j = 0; j < students[i].courseCount; j++)
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{
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bool exists = false;
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for (int k = 0; k < uniqueCourseCount; k++)
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{
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if (strcmp(courses[k], students[i].courses[j]) == 0)
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{
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exists = true;
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break;
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}
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}
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if (!exists)
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{
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strcpy(courses[uniqueCourseCount], students[i].courses[j]);
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uniqueCourseCount++;
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}
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}
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}
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stats.averageAge = totalAge / studentCount;
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stats.overallAverageScore = totalAverage / studentCount;
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stats.totalCourses = uniqueCourseCount;
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stats.averageCoursesPerStudent = (float)totalCourseCount / studentCount;
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// 计算标准差
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float variance = 0;
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for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++)
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{
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float diff = students[i].averageScore - stats.overallAverageScore;
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variance += diff * diff;
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}
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variance /= studentCount;
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stats.standardDeviation = sqrt(variance);
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return stats;
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}
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/**
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* @brief 查找最高分学生
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* @details 查找并显示平均分最高的学生信息
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* 遍历所有学生，找出平均分最高者并显示其详细信息
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* @note 比较依据：学生的平均分（averageScore）
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* @warning 如果没有学生数据，将显示警告信息
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*/
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void findTopStudent()
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{
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clearScreen();
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printHeader("最高分学生");
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if (studentCount == 0)
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{
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printWarning("暂无学生数据！");
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pauseSystem();
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return;
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}
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int topIndex = 0;
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for (int i = 1; i < studentCount; i++)
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{
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if (students[i].averageScore > students[topIndex].averageScore)
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{
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topIndex = i;
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}
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}
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printf("\n最高平均分学生：\n");
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displayStudentInfo(&students[topIndex]);
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pauseSystem();
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}
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/**
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* @brief 查找最低分学生
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* @details 查找并显示平均分最低的学生信息
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* 遍历所有学生，找出平均分最低者并显示其详细信息
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* @note 比较依据：学生的平均分（averageScore）
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* @warning 如果没有学生数据，将显示警告信息
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*/
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void findBottomStudent()
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{
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clearScreen();
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printHeader("最低分学生");
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if (studentCount == 0)
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{
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printWarning("暂无学生数据！");
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pauseSystem();
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
int bottomIndex = 0;
|
||
for (int i = 1; i < studentCount; i++)
|
||
{
|
||
if (students[i].averageScore < students[bottomIndex].averageScore)
|
||
{
|
||
bottomIndex = i;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
printf("\n最低平均分学生：\n");
|
||
displayStudentInfo(&students[bottomIndex]);
|
||
|
||
pauseSystem();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* @brief 按课程查找最高分
|
||
* @details 在指定课程中查找并显示最高分学生的信息
|
||
* 用户输入课程名称，系统查找该课程的最高分获得者
|
||
* @note 查找过程：
|
||
* 1. 用户输入课程名称
|
||
* 2. 遍历所有学生的该课程成绩
|
||
* 3. 找出最高分及对应学生
|
||
* 4. 显示学生信息和分数
|
||
* @warning 如果课程不存在，将显示错误信息
|
||
*/
|
||
void findTopScoreInCourse()
|
||
{
|
||
clearScreen();
|
||
printHeader("课程最高分查询");
|
||
|
||
if (studentCount == 0)
|
||
{
|
||
printWarning("暂无学生数据！");
|
||
pauseSystem();
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
char courseName[MAX_COURSE_NAME_LENGTH];
|
||
printf("\n");
|
||
safeInputString("请输入课程名称", courseName, MAX_COURSE_NAME_LENGTH);
|
||
|
||
float maxScore = -1;
|
||
int maxIndex = -1;
|
||
|
||
for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++)
|
||
{
|
||
for (int j = 0; j < students[i].courseCount; j++)
|
||
{
|
||
if (strcmp(students[i].courses[j], courseName) == 0)
|
||
{
|
||
if (students[i].scores[j] > maxScore)
|
||
{
|
||
maxScore = students[i].scores[j];
|
||
maxIndex = i;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (maxIndex == -1)
|
||
{
|
||
printError("未找到该课程！");
|
||
}
|
||
else
|
||
{
|
||
printf("\n课程 \"%s\" 最高分：\n", courseName);
|
||
printSeparator();
|
||
printf("学号: %s\n", students[maxIndex].studentID);
|
||
printf("姓名: %s\n", students[maxIndex].name);
|
||
printf("分数: %.2f\n", maxScore);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
pauseSystem();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* @brief 计算学生统计信息
|
||
* @details 计算指定学生的总分和平均分
|
||
* 根据学生的所有课程成绩计算统计数据
|
||
* @param student 指向要计算统计信息的学生结构体的指针
|
||
* @note 计算内容：
|
||
* - totalScore: 所有课程成绩的总和
|
||
* - averageScore: 平均成绩（总分/课程数）
|
||
* @note 如果学生没有课程，总分和平均分都设为0
|
||
* @warning 传入的student指针不能为NULL
|
||
*/
|
||
void calculateStudentStats(Student *student)
|
||
{
|
||
if (student->courseCount == 0)
|
||
{
|
||
student->totalScore = 0;
|
||
student->averageScore = 0;
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
student->totalScore = 0;
|
||
for (int i = 0; i < student->courseCount; i++)
|
||
{
|
||
student->totalScore += student->scores[i];
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
student->averageScore = student->totalScore / student->courseCount;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* @brief 更新全局统计缓存
|
||
* @details 更新系统的全局统计缓存变量，包括全体平均分、最高分和最低分
|
||
* 当学生数据发生变化时调用此函数更新缓存
|
||
* @note 更新的全局变量：
|
||
* - overallAverageScore: 全体学生平均分
|
||
* - highestScore: 最高平均分
|
||
* - lowestScore: 最低平均分
|
||
* - statsNeedUpdate: 统计更新标志（设为false）
|
||
* @note 如果没有学生数据，所有统计值都设为0
|
||
* @see overallAverageScore, highestScore, lowestScore, statsNeedUpdate
|
||
*/
|
||
void updateGlobalStats()
|
||
{
|
||
if (studentCount == 0)
|
||
{
|
||
overallAverageScore = 0;
|
||
highestScore = 0;
|
||
lowestScore = 0;
|
||
statsNeedUpdate = false;
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
float total = 0;
|
||
highestScore = students[0].averageScore;
|
||
lowestScore = students[0].averageScore;
|
||
|
||
for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++)
|
||
{
|
||
total += students[i].averageScore;
|
||
|
||
if (students[i].averageScore > highestScore)
|
||
{
|
||
highestScore = students[i].averageScore;
|
||
}
|
||
if (students[i].averageScore < lowestScore)
|
||
{
|
||
lowestScore = students[i].averageScore;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
overallAverageScore = total / studentCount;
|
||
statsNeedUpdate = false;
|
||
} |